You have two options:

1. Request a Reinstatement from USCIS

• Submit the reinstatement application to ISSS
• Then submit reinstatement application to USCIS and Pay $805 ($370 for the application fee, $85 for the biometric services fee, and $350 for a new SEVIS/I-901 fee).
• Read more here

-OR-

2. Depart the U.S. and seek new admission to the U.S. in F-1 status. If you choose this option, you must do the following steps:

• Request a new I-20 (new SEVIS record)
• Pay a new SEVIS fee after you receive the new I-20
• Apply for a new F-1 visa (only if your current visa stamp is expired)
• Depart the U.S. and re-enter the U.S. in "initial" SEVIS status. 

Reasons why a student may fall out of F-1 student status:

• Failure to extend I-20 before the expiration deadline
• Failure to complete the F-1 transfer procedure in a timely manner
• Failure to obtain an authorized "reduced  course load" before  dropping below full-time status.          
• A student who has worked without authorization is also out of status, but is not eligible for reinstatement

• Pursue a "full course of study" at the school listed on your current Form I-20. A full course of study is 12 or more credits per semester for undergraduate students. Graduate students must be in compliance with the Graduate School full-time policy. Exceptions to the full-time requirement must be authorized in advance by International Student and Scholar Services.
• Complete your studies before the program completion date listed in item 5 on your I-20.
• Keep your I-20 valid by following proper procedures for a program extension, change in educational level or field of study, and transfer of schools.
• Remain in the U.S. for no longer than 60 days after completing your current program of study or after completing an authorized period of practical training.
• Keep your passport valid at all times unless you are exempt from the passport requirement.
• Accept no employment except that which is authorized in accordance with the immigration regulations.
• Report any change of address to immigration within 10 days of the change. Local address updates are made using your TUportal account and are reported to immigration through the SEVIS system unless you have graduated and are authorized for OPT. Email updates to your foreign permanent address to [click-for-email] with your name and student ID number. Once received, they will be forwarded to immigration through SEVIS.

INA § 222(g) (overstay and visa cancellation) and § 212(a)(9)B) (unlawful presence) are two penalty provisions that can be activated if a request for reinstatement is denied. Since reinstatement by definition consists of a finding by USCIS that there has been a status violation, the denial of a reinstatement application would in all likelihood be considered a "formal finding of a status violation.., resulting in the termination of the period of stay authorized by the Attorney General."

Under the most recent guidance on the applicability of INA 222(g) and § 212(a)(9)(B), the reinstatement denial would have the following effects, as of the date of the denial:

• The visa that you used to enter the United States is automatically cancelled;
• You are permanently limited to applying for nonimmigrant visas in the future only in your country of citizenship or permanent residence;
• You will begin accumulating days of "unlawful presence." If you remain in the United States after the denial for over 180 days, you will be barred from returning to the US for three years; if you remain after the denial for one year or more, you will be barred from returning to the US for ten years Please note that whether the application is approved or denied there is an official record of a violation of status in DHS files. Status violations can have future impact on eligibility for immigration benefits such as adjustment of status.